Ihe ngosi atọ ị kwesịrị ịṅa ntị na ha mgbe ị na-ahọrọ PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM) bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri. Ihe ngosi teknụzụ nke PAM gụnyere ionicity, hydrolysis degree, molecular weight, wdg. Ihe ngosi ndị a nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmetụta flocculation nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri. Ịghọta ihe ngosi ndị a ga-enyere gị aka ịhọrọ ngwa ngwa ngwaahịa PAM nwere nkọwapụta kwesịrị ekwesị.

Ịnọpụiche

Lonicity na-ezo aka na ma yinye PAM molekul nwere chajị dị mma ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma. Ogo nke ionization nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmetụta flocculation nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, ka ionicity dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta flocculation ka mma. Nke a bụ n'ihi na yinye PAM molekul nwere ionic na-ebu chajị karịa ma nwee ike ịmịkọrọ ihe ndị a kwụgidere nke ọma, na-eme ka ha zukọta ọnụ iji mepụta flocs buru ibu.

A na-ekewakarị Polyacrylamide n'ụdị anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), na non-ionic (NPAM) dabere na ionicity ha. Ụdị PAM atọ a nwere mmetụta dị iche iche. N'ọrụ bara uru, a chọrọ ịhọrọ ionicity kwesịrị ekwesị dabere na ihe ndị dị ka uru pH nke mmiri a gwọrọ, electronegativity, na njupụta nke ihe ndị a kwụsịrị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka mmiri mkpofu acidic, a ga-ahọrọ PAM nwere cationicity dị elu; maka mmiri mkpofu alkaline, a ga-ahọrọ PAM nwere anionicity dị elu. Na mgbakwunye, iji nweta mmetụta flocculation ka mma, enwere ike nweta ya site na ịgwakọta PAM na ogo ionic dị iche iche.

Ogo nke Hydrolysis (maka APAM))

Ogo nke hydrolysis nke PAM na-ezo aka na ogo hydrolysis nke otu amide dị na yinye molekul ya. Enwere ike kewaa ogo hydrolysis n'ime ogo hydrolysis dị ala, ọkara, na elu. PAM nwere ogo hydrolysis dị iche iche nwere njirimara na ojiji dị iche iche.

A na-ejikarị PAM nke nwere obere hydrolysis eme ihe maka ịcha na ime ka ọ sie ike. Ọ na-eme ka mmiri ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-enye ohere ka ihe ndị a kwụgidere gbasaa nke ọma. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmiri mmiri, mkpuchi, na ụlọ ọrụ nri.

PAM nke nwere obere hydrolysis nwere mmetụta dị mma nke flocculation ma dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nke mma mmiri. Ọ nwere ike ịchịkọta ihe ndị a kpọchiri akpọchi iji mepụta flocs buru ibu site na mmịpụta na njikọ, si otú a na-enweta nguzozi ngwa ngwa. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọhịa ọgwụgwọ nsị obodo, ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na mmiri nsị nke sludge.

PAM nke nwere oke hydrolysis nwere ikike adsorption na decolorization siri ike, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ibipụta na ịcha agba mmiri mkpofu na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Ọ nwere ike ịmịkọrọ ma wepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ n'ime mmiri mkpofu, dị ka agba, ọla dị arọ, na ihe ndị dị ndụ, site na otu chajị na adsorption dị na yinye polymer.

Ibu Molekụla

Ibu molekul nke PAM na-ezo aka n'ogologo nke yinye molekul ya. N'ozuzu, ka ibu molekul dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta flocculation nke PAM ka mma. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ibu molekul dị elu nke PAM nwere ike ịmịkọrọ ihe ndị a kpọchiri akpọchi nke ọma, na-eme ka ha zukọta ọnụ iji mepụta flocs buru ibu. N'otu oge ahụ, ibu molekul dị elu nke PAM nwere ike ijikọ na ijikọ nke ọma, nke nwere ike ime ka ike na nkwụsi ike nke floc ka mma.

N'ọrụ bara uru, ibu molekul nke PAM eji eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ nsị obodo na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ chọrọ ihe dị elu, nke na-abụkarị site na nde ruo ọtụtụ iri nde. Ihe achọrọ maka ibu molekul nke PAM eji eme ọgwụgwọ nsị mmiri na-adịghị mma dị obere, n'ozuzu ya site na nde ruo ọtụtụ iri nde.

Na mmechi, ihe ngosi dịka ionicity, hydrolysis degree, na molekul weight bụ isi ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta ojiji nke PAM na ọgwụgwọ mmiri. Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ngwaahịa PAM, ị kwesịrị ịtụle nke ọma ịdị mma mmiri ma họrọ dịka ihe ngosi teknụzụ PAM si dị iji nweta mmetụta flocculation kacha mma, melite arụmọrụ, na ịdị mma nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri.