Ọdịiche na ntinye nke cationic, anionic na nonionic PAM?

Polyacrylamide(PAM) bụ polymer vasatail nke a na-ejikarị na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, imepụta akwụkwọ, mmịpụta mmanụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ionic Njirimara ya, PAM na-ekewa n'ime atọ isi ụdị: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) na nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Ụdị atọ a nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na nhazi, ọrụ na ngwa.

1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM)

Nhazi na akụrụngwa:

Cationic PAM: Ọ bụ ngwakọta polymer linear. N'ihi na ọ nwere otu dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen nwere ọtụtụ ihe ma na-ebutekarị colloid ebubo na-adịghị mma. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ojiji na ọnọdụ acidic

Ngwa:

- Ọgwụgwọ ahịhịa: A na-ejikarị CPAM na-emeso mmiri mkpofu ahịhịa na-adịghị mma, dị ka nsị nke obodo, mmiri na-edozi nri, wdg. Ebubo ndị dị mma nwere ike jikọta ya na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma kwụsịtụrụ iji mepụta flocs, si otú ahụ na-akwalite nkewa mmiri siri ike.

- Ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ: N'ime usoro nhazi akwụkwọ, enwere ike iji CPAM mee ihe dị ka onye na-eme ka ọ dị ike na onye na-ejigide ya iji meziwanye ike na njide akwụkwọ.

- Mwepụta mmanụ: N'ubi mmanụ, a na-eji CPAM na-agwọ apịtị na-egwupụta ala iji belata nzacha ma gbasie ike.

2. Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)

Nhazi na akụrụngwa:

Anionic PAM bụ polymer soluble mmiri. Site na iwebata otu anionic ndị a na ọkpụkpụ azụ polymer, APAM nwere ike imeghachi omume site na ihe ebubo nke ọma. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ịkwagharị, sedimentation na ịkọwapụta mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ojiji na ọnọdụ alkaline.

Ngwa:

- Ọgwụgwọ mmiri: A na-eji APAM eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmiri ọñụñụ na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ nwere ike ikpokọta ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị kwụsịrị site na nkwụsị eletriki ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi, si otú ahụ na-eme ka mmiri doo anya.

- Ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ: Dị ka njide na enyemaka nzacha, APAM nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nzacha mmiri nke pulp na ike akwụkwọ.

- Ngwuputa ihe na akwa: N'oge flotation na sedimentation nke ore, APAM nwere ike kwalite sedimentation nke ore irighiri ma melite ọnụego mgbake nke ore.

- Mmelite nke ala: APAM nwere ike melite nhazi ala, belata mbuze ala, ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ọrụ ugbo na ubi.

3. Nonionic Polyacrylamide (Nonionic PAM, NPAM)

Ọdịdị na Njirimara:

Nonionic PAM bụ polymer molekụla dị elu ma ọ bụ polyelectrolyte nwere ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa pola na yinye molekụla ya. Ọ nwere ike adsorb akụkụ siri ike kwụsịtụrụ na mmiri na akwa n'etiti ahụ na-etolite nnukwu floccules, mee ngwangwa na sedimentation nke ahụ na nkwusioru, mee ngwangwa nkọwa nke ngwọta, na-akwalite filtration. O nweghi otu ndị ebubo ma bụrụkwa otu amide mejupụtara ya. Ihe owuwu a na-eme ka ọ gosipụta ezigbo solubility na nkwụsi ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ na-anọpụ iche na adịghị ike acidic. Nonionic PAM nwere njirimara nke ịdị arọ molekụla dị elu yana uru pH adịghị emetụta nke ukwuu.

Ngwa:

- Ọgwụgwọ mmiri: Enwere ike iji NPAM na-agwọ obere turbidity, nnukwu mmiri dị ọcha, dị ka mmiri ụlọ na mmiri ọṅụṅụ. Uru ya bụ na ọ nwere ike ime mgbanwe na àgwà mmiri na pH.

- Ụlọ ọrụ akwa na akwa akwa: N'ime nhazi akwa, a na-eji NPAM eme ihe dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na stabilizer iji meziwanye nchikota akwa na ịcha akwa.

- Ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical: A na-eji NPAM mee ihe dị ka mmanu na coolant na nhazi ígwè iji belata esemokwu ma melite arụmọrụ nhazi.

- Agriculture na horticulture: Dị ka ala moisturizer, NPAM nwere ike imeziwanye ikike njigide mmiri nke ala ma kwalite uto osisi.

Cationic, anionic na nonionic polyacrylamide nwere mpaghara ngwa dị iche iche na mmetụta n'ihi nhazi kemịkalụ pụrụ iche na njirimara ụgwọ. Ịghọta na ịhọrọ nke kwesịrị ekwesịPAMụdị nwere ike imeziwanye nhazi nhazi na mmetụta iji gboo mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.