Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri na ngwa kemịkalụ
Ndabere
Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke mmepụta ọrụ, mkpa ịgba mmiri n'ọtụtụ mmepụta dị iche iche na-apụtawanyewanye. Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri abụghị naanị njikọ dị mkpa iji hụ na ọganihu dị mma nke usoro ahụ, kamakwa ihe dị mkpa iji zute ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ụdị ọgwụgwọ
| Ụdị ọgwụgwọ | Isi ebumnuche | Isi ihe ọgwụgwọ | Isi usoro. |
| Raw mmiri ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ | Mezuo ihe achọrọ nke ụlọ ma ọ bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ | Mmiri mmiri na-amị mmiri | Mmegharị, nkọcha. |
| Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri | Mezuo usoro a kapịrị ọnụ | Mmiri usoro ọrụ | Dị nro, mbibi, deoxyneration. |
| Na-ekesa ọgwụgwọ mmiri | Gbaa mbọ hụ na ọrụ ọrụ | Na-ekesa mmiri dị jụụ | Ịgwọ ọrịa. |
| Ngwọta Instherater | Chebe gburugburu | Industriallọ Ọrụ Instewater | Ọgwụ, kemịkal. |
| Ntughari mmiri | Belata oriri dị ọhụrụ | Mmiri eji | Yiri ihe ojoo. |
Mmiri na-ejikarị mmiri mmiri
| Udi udi | Kemịkal na-ejikarị | Oru oruru |
| A na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ | Pac, Pam, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminom sulfate, wdg. | Wepu ndị siri ike na ọganihu |
| Mmebi | dị ka tcca, sdic, ozone, chlorine dioxide, calcium hypochlorite, wdg | Gbuo microorganisms na mmiri (dị ka nje, nje, dongi na protozoa) |
| PH na-agbazigharị | Aminosolfonic, Naoh, wayo, sulfuric acid, wdg. | Mezie mmiri ph |
| Metal ion | Edta, mgbanwe mgbanwe resin | Wepu eché ejiji ígwè (dika ígwè, ọla kọpa, onye na-eduga, ome, Mercury, wdg) na mmiri ndị ọzọ na-emerụ emerụ |
| Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egbochi | Ogbe acidsphates | Na-egbochi ọkwa dị obosara site na calcium na magnesium eons. Nwekwara ụfọdụ mmetụta nke iwepu usoro e metal |
| Deoxi oda | Sodium sulfite, hydrazine, wdg. | Wepu oxygen etisasịwo iji gbochie corrosion oxygen |
| Nhicha dị ọcha | Citric acid, sulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid | Wepu uzo na adighi adi |
| Oxidants | Ozone, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, wdg. | Ọdịmma, iwepu nke na-emerụ mmadụ na mmelite nke mmiri dị mma, wdg. |
| Ndị na-eme egwuregwu | dị ka lime na sodium carbonate. | Na-ewepu eyịm siri ike (calcium, magnesium eons) ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke usoro |
| Ihe zoro ezo/Antitoaam | Na-ebelata ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ụfụfụ | |
| Mweda | Calcium Hollochlorite | Wepu Nh₃-N si Istewater iji mee ka ọ zute ụkpụrụ mbupụ |
Anyị nwere ike iwepụta:
Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-eme na-egosi usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na mmiri ya site na mmiri ya site na mmiri, kemịkal na ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri bụ akụkụ dị mkpa maka mmepụta ọrụ, ma ọ dị mkpa ka a gosipụta akụkụ ndị a:
1.1 Gbaa mbọ hụ na njiri mara
Wepu adịghị ọcha na mmiri dị ka ọ dị ka eyịm eyịm, a kwụsịtụrụ solids, wdg iji mezuo mkpa mmepụta ma hụ na ogo ngwaahịa.
Na corrosion: Eriri oxyge, carbon dioxide, wdg na mmiri nwere ike ime ka corrosion ọla ma mee ka ndụ nke akụrụngwa rụọ.
Njikwa microorganisms: nje na-arụ ọrụ, algae na microorganisms ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibute mmetọ ngwaahịa, na-emetụta ogo ahụike na nchekwa ahụike.
1.2 meziwanye arụmọrụ mmepụta
Belata oge: Ọgwụ mmiri mgbe niile ga - egbochi ihe ndị na - eme ihe ike na corrosion, belata ugboro ole mmezi na onye nnọchi, ma si otú ahụ melite arụmọrụ arụpụtara.
Ọnọdụ nhazi usoro: Site na mmiri ọgwụgwọ, mmiri nke na-emezu usoro achọrọ iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke usoro mmepụta.
1.3 belata ego mmepụta
Chekwaa ike: Site na mmiri ọgwụgwọ, enwere ike ịchebe ngwa ngwa na ego nrụpụta.
Na-egbochi ịkọ ihe: Ionsdị ihe siri ike dịka Calcium na Matesium eons na Mmiri ga-etolite, na-agbaso elu akụrụngwa ahụ, belata arụmọrụ okpomọkụ.
Gbasaa ngwa agha: Belata akụrụngwa na ịkwado, ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ akụrụngwa, ma belata ego eji arụ ọrụ.
Belata oriri nke ihe: site na mmiri mmiri, enwere ike belata mkpofu Biocide na ihe nrụpụta onyinye.
Belata ihe eji eme ihe: site na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, enwere ike weghachi ya na mmiri mkpofu ma tinye ya na mmepụta, si otú a na-ebelata ihe mkpofu akụrụngwa na ọnụego mmepụta.
1.4 Chebe gburugburu
Belata mmeso routions: Mgbe a na-agwọ ọrịa bụ ihe omume ime ụlọ, ịta ahụhụ ikuku na-ebelata na mmiri mmiri.
Ghọta ntụgharị mmiri: Site n'oge mmiri, enwere ike ịhazigharị ya na ịdabere na mmiri mmiri dị mma.
1.5 na-agbaso ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi
Zute ụkpụrụ mbu: ụlọ ọrụ bụ ihe arụ ọrụ na mpaghara na mpaghara, usoro mmiri bụkwa ụzọ dị mkpa iji nweta ebumnuche a.
Na nchịkọta, usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri abụghị naanị metụtara ogo ngwaahịa na arụmọrụ arụpụtara, kamakwa na uru akụ na ụba na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ. Site na usoro ọgwụgwọ sayensị na ezi uche dị na ya, enwere ike ịmepụta oke mmiri na enwere ike ịkwalite mmepe mmiri na enwere ike ịkwalite.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpuchi oke ubi, gụnyere ike, kemịkalụ, ihe nri na ihe ọ beụ na-eme ka ọ dị dabere na ụkpụrụ nkwagharị.
Ọgwụgwọ 2.1 na-emetụta (mmiri na-agagharị
A na-etinye mmiri mmiri na-eme ihe na-agụnye ọgwụ mgbochi, na-emebi emebi, na-emebi emebi, na-emebi, ngbanwe, ngbanwe ọla na mwepụ nke metal. Kemịkal na-ejikarị:
coagulants na flocculants: dị ka pac, pam, pdadmac, polyamines, aluminom sulfate, wdg.
feefters: dị ka wayo na sodium carbonate.
disinffactioctions: dị ka tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, wdg.
H Redors: Dị ka AminosoSfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, wayo, sulfuric acid, wdg.
4 ion na-ewepu, mgbanwe resin wdg.,
ccale Na-egbochi: Overdophosphates, aciafphosphorus carroxylic acid, wdg.
IDadsordents: dị ka carbon rụọ ọrụ, rụọ ọrụ Alumina, wdg.
Njikọ na iji ọgwụ ndị a nwere ike inye aka ịgwọ ọrịa mmiri nke ọma, na-emerụ ahụ na mmiri, ma belata ọgwụgwọ sochirinụ.
2.2 Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri
Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-agụnye predrerement, ịdị nro, ebe nchekwa, na-emebi, mmịpụta, mmịpụta na ọgwụ. Nzọụkwụ nke ọ bụla chọrọ kemịkal dị iche iche iji bulie ogo mmiri ma hụ na arụ ọrụ nke akụrụngwa dị iche iche. Kemịkal ndị a na-enwekarị:
| Beagullants na Flocculants: | Dị ka Pac, Pam, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminom sulfate, wdg. |
| Ndị na-eme egwuregwu: | dị ka lime na sodium carbonate. |
| Ọdịmma: | Dika TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, wdg. |
| PH na-agbazigharị: | Dị ka aminosion acid, sodium hydroxide, wayo, sulfuric acid, wdg. |
| M na-ewepu usoro nke metal: | Edta, mgbanwe mgbanwe resin |
| Onu ogugu na: | Overdophosphates, acialophosphorus carroxylic acid, wdg. |
| Mgbasa ozi: | dị ka carbon rụọ ọrụ, rụọ ọrụ Alumina, wdg. |
Chemical ndị a nwere ike iru usoro dị iche iche nke ngwakọta mmiri site na njikọta mmiri usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche, gbaa mbọ na-ezute ụkpụrụ mmepụta, belata ohere nke mmebi akụrụngwa, ma melite arụmọrụ arụ ọrụ.
2.3 Na-ekesa ọgwụgwọ mmiri
A na-ekesa ọgwụgwọ mmiri dị oke mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri, dị ka osisi mmepụta ihe (dị ka kemịkalụ osisi, wdg), ebe mma mmiri na-ejikwa ngwa ngwa. Na-ekesa usoro mmiri ọkụ na-agbanye na scrings na-azọcha, corrosion, uto microsial na nsogbu ndị ọzọ n'ihi nnukwu mmiri mmiri ha na mgbasa nke ugboro ugboro. Ya mere, a ga-enwerịrị usoro mmiri a na-agwọ mmiri mmiri ijikwa nsogbu ndị a ma hụ na arụ ọrụ nke sistemụ ahụ.
A na-ekenye usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọkụ na-egbochi ịmịcha, corrosion na mmerụ ndụ na sistemụ ma hụ na arụmọrụ jụrụ. Nyochaa isi ihe dị mma na mmiri jụrụ oyi (dịka pH, nke siri ike, chathidity, microorganisms, wdg) ma nyochaa nsogbu mmiri maka ọgwụgwọ.
| Beagullants na Flocculants: | Dị ka Pac, Pam, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminom sulfate, wdg. |
| Ndị na-eme egwuregwu: | dị ka lime na sodium carbonate. |
| Ọdịmma: | Dika TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, wdg. |
| PH na-agbazigharị: | Dị ka aminosion acid, sodium hydroxide, wayo, sulfuric acid, wdg. |
| M na-ewepu usoro nke metal: | Edta, mgbanwe mgbanwe resin |
| Onu ogugu na: | Overdophosphates, acialophosphorus carroxylic acid, wdg. |
| Mgbasa ozi: | dị ka carbon rụọ ọrụ, rụọ ọrụ Alumina, wdg. |
Chemicals ndị a na usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị a na-enyere aka igbochi ịleda, corrosion, na nje microbial, belata mmebi nke na-ajụ mmiri, ma melite arụmọrụ ọrụ.
2.4 instewater ọgwụgwọ
Enwere ike kewa usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ka njirimara nke instewater na ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ, na-etinye aka na ọgwụgwọ, ọgwụ mgbochi na nke na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ, na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri. Njikọ ọ bụla chọrọ kemịkal dị iche iche iji hụ na arụmọrụ na zuru oke nke usoro ọgwụgwọ Instherater.
A na-ekewa usoro ọgwụgwọ ihe omume dị iche iche ụzọ atọ: anụ ahụ, nke anụ ahụ, na ndu, iji nwee mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.
Forzọ Ahụike:Fortrayation, Filtration, Flot, wdg.
Chemical Ryzọ:Arụmọpụ, bred, kemịkal.
Chọọnụ ndu:Slidge usoro arụ ọrụ, akpụkpọ ahụ na-eme ihe nkiri (MBR), wdg.
Kemịkal ndị a na-enwekarị:
| Beagullants na Flocculants: | Dị ka Pac, Pam, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminom sulfate, wdg. |
| Ndị na-eme egwuregwu: | dị ka lime na sodium carbonate. |
| Ọdịmma: | Dika TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, wdg. |
| PH na-agbazigharị: | Dị ka aminosion acid, sodium hydroxide, wayo, sulfuric acid, wdg. |
| M na-ewepu usoro nke metal: | Edta, mgbanwe mgbanwe resin |
| Onu ogugu na: | Overdophosphates, acialophosphorus carroxylic acid, wdg. |
| Mgbasa ozi: | dị ka carbon rụọ ọrụ, rụọ ọrụ Alumina, wdg. |
Site na ngwa dị mma nke kemịkal ndị a, enwere ike ịgwọ ihe dị mma nke ọgwụ ndị a, enwere ike ịgwọ ihe dị mma ma tọhapụ ya na nrube isi, na-emekwa njem, na-enyere aka belata mmiri gburugburu ebe obibi.
2.5 recycled mmiri
Ngwọta mmiri na-ezo aka na usoro nchịkwa akụ na-eme ka ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mee ka ihe omume mee ka ọgwụgwọ dị. Na mmụba nke ụkọ mmiri, ọtụtụ ebe ọrụ mmepụta nke usoro ọgwụgwọ, nke ọ bụghị naanị na-azọpụta akụ mmiri, kamakwa na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ na ihapu. Isi ihe na-emegharị ọgwụgwọ bụ iji wepu mmetọ na Isthewater na Isthewater ka mma mmiri na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ijighachi, nke chọrọ izi ezi na teknụzụ.
Usoro nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri megharịrị bụ usoro usoro ndị a:
Pretivement:Wepu nnukwu ururu na griiz, na-eji pac, pac, wdg.
Ntughari PH:Gbanwee pH, kemịkal a na-ejikarị sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, calrium hydroxide, wdg.
Ọgwụ ndụ:Wepu ihe organic okwu, mmebi akwara na-akwado, jiri ammorium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, wdg.
Ọgwụ kemịkal:Iwepu oxandistic okwu na ọla dị arọ, nke a na-ejikarị ozone, sọsọ, sodium sulfide, wdg.
Igwe IgbeJiri ọgbaghara nke osmosis, nanofiltration, na teknụzụ ultrafiltration iji wepu ihe ndị etisasịwo ma hụ na mmiri.
Ngwunye:Wepu microorganisms, jiri chlorine, ozone, calcium hypochlorite, wdg.
Nlekota na ndozi:Gbaa mbọ hụ na mmiri a rụrụ arụ na-ezute ụkpụrụ ma jirikwa ndị na-edebe ihe na akụrụngwa nyochaa maka ndozi.
Ihe nzuzo:Ha na - emechi ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ụfụfụ site na ibelata elu esemokwu nke mmiri mmiri na ibibi nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ. (Ngwa Ọnọdụ nke Deveramers: Usoro ọgwụ dị omimi, ọgwụ mgbochi kemịkalụ, ọgwụ ọjọọ, ọgwụgwọ istewater, ọgwụgwọ bụ ọgwụgwọ, wdg)
Calcium Hypochlorite:Ha na-ewepụ mmetọ dị ka amnia nitrogen
Ngwa nke usoro ndị a na kemịkalụ nke ihe mere eme na-ezute ụkpụrụ na-echegharị, na-ekwe ka a na-eme ya nke ọma na mmepụta mmepụta ihe.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri ụlọ ọrụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmepụta oge mmepụta nke oge a. Ọ dị mkpa ka emepụta usoro ya na kemịkalụ nke chọrọ usoro achọrọ. Ngwa ikike nke kemịkalụ nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ka ọ dịkwuo mma, kamakwa belata ụgwọ ọrụ ma belata mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ọdịnihu, na-enwe ọganihu nke teknụzụ na mmụba nke ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, mmiri ọgwụgwọ ga-abawanye na nduzi nke ọgụgụ isi.